In
1918, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day in the eleventh month,
the world rejoiced and celebrated. After four years of bitter war, an
armistice was signed by Germany. The “war to end all wars” was over. In
1921, an unknown World War I
American soldier was buried in
Arlington National Cemetery. Similar ceremonies occurred earlier in
England and France, where an unknown soldier was buried in each
nation’s highest place of honor (in England, Westminster Abbey; in
France, the Arch de Triomphe).
These memorial gestures all
took place on November 11, giving universal recognition to the
celebrated ending of World War I fighting at 11 a.m.
President
Woodrow Wilson first commemorated Armistice Day in the United States in
1919, and many states made it a legal holiday. Congress passed a
resolution in 1926 inviting all Americans to observe the day, and made
it a legal holiday nationwide in 1938. The holiday has been observed
annually on November 11 since that date – first as Armistice Day, later
as Veteran’s Day – except for a brief period when it was celebrated on
the fourth Monday of October.
The day has since evolved as a
time for honoring living veterans who have served in the military
during wartime or peacetime, partially to complement Memorial Day,
which primarily honors the dead.
This issue is dedicated to
all the men and women of our military who have fought for our country.
I especially want to recognize the troops that continue to fight for
our freedoms and the human rights of others in Iraq and other hotspots
of the world. Our cover story focuses on a World War II veteran,
retired Rear Adm. Ferdinand Berley. Dr. Berley served as a Naval
Medical Officer during the fierce, bloody battles of Bataan and
Corregidor in the Philippines. He survived the battles in the
Philippines, but later faced the horrors of life as prisoner of the
Japanese military. Dr. Berley was a POW for three and a half years.
During that time, he lost about 50 pounds and weighed a mere 110 pounds
when he was rescued in June 1945. “If it had not been for the atomic
bomb we would have all been killed,” said Dr. Berley in an interview.
Just before the bombing raid on Japan, he said the Japanese had issued
orders to kill all POW’s.
Historian Charles Gallagher, S.J., a
former archivist of the Diocese of Saint Augustine and now in formation
for the Jesuits in London, does a beautiful job of recounting the main
events of World War II’s battle in the Pacific. Our story could have
filled many pages of this issue! For a fuller read, I recommend that
you purchase Conduct Under Fire: Four American Doctors and Their Fight
for Life as Prisoners of the Japanese (1941-1945) by John A. Glusman.
Dr. Berley is one of the four American doctors that the book is written
about. His story and those of his comrades is gripping and serves as a
reminder of the toll that war takes and the sacrifices American
soldiers have made to help secure the freedoms we all enjoy in this
country.
On November 11 – Veteran’s Day – don’t forget to say
a prayer of thanksgiving for the brave men and women of our military! –
Kathleen Bagg-Morgan, editor
Kathleen Bagg-Morgan, editor
